A phytobiotic extract, in an aqueous or in a cyclodextrin encapsulated form, added in diet affects meat oxidation, cellular responses and intestinal morphometry and microbiota of broilers

The present trial examined the effects of diet supplementation with an extract including Greek oregano, garlic, rock samphire, and camelina, administered either in aqueous form or encapsulated cyclodextrin, on broiler chickens. duration was 35 days. Mixed chicks (Ross-308, 120 individuals, 1 day old) were randomly allocated to one three groups, each four replicates. Control group A (CONTROL) fed a basal consisting maize soybean. AQORGCC CDORGCC groups further supplemented cyclodextrin-encapsulated herbal extracts, respectively. Levels lipid protein oxidation determined breast thigh meat samples. Furthermore, address cellular stress signaling responses, expression patterns heat shock proteins (Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90), mitogen-activated kinases (P38 P44/42 MAPKs), apoptotic-related (Bcl-2/Bad ratio) investigated tissues using Western blot analysis. intestinal morphometry duodenum, jejunum, ileum also assessed. To investigate ileal cecal bacterial community diversity, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput amplicon sequencing V3–V4 hypervariable region performed. results showed that cyclodextrin delayed oxidation. According patterns, formulated diets elicited tissue-specific responses. Compared CONTROL group, dietary resulted significant Hsp induction MAPK activation, whereas, whose form, most decreased maintained at constant level. Villus height lamina propria width mostly affected by extract, whereas number goblet cells remained unchanged among groups. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota major phyla mean relative abundance all both Alpha-diversity indices highlighted higher species richness diversity cecum than ileum, as well treated mixture, but only cecum. Cecal beta-diversity differed between while varied aqueous-treated group. In conclusion, mixtures extracts (particularly those cyclodextrin) improved increased beneficial lactic acid-producing bacteria cecum, activity proximal part chicken intestine. Similarly, which seems inhibit associated meat.